基于工艺创新的钢铁工业发展研究

中国钢铁工业是目前内部矛盾十分突出的行业,面临着产能过剩、产品转型和产业升级等一系列复杂问题。本文从钢铁工业突出的流程化特点入手,在借鉴世界先进国家钢铁工业发展经验的基础上,依据可持续发展观,提出中国钢铁工业生产工艺的改进和创新思路,力争以此为突破口来推进钢铁工业改革,也为钢铁工业技术研发、资金投放和项目选择提供有益的参考。     

模拟沉积磷迁移转化行为的铁盐影响机制研究

室内模拟研究了沉积物中不同形态磷在不同浓度铁盐影响下,在沉积层中的垂直迁移转化行为.结果表明,分别向模拟系统投加的10 mL和50 mL的1 mol/L FeCl_3溶液,沉积层中磷的含量降低,投加30 mL的1 mol/L FeCl_3溶液时,沉积层中磷含量增加.沉积物中适当的铁盐会阻止沉积物磷向水体释放,铁盐浓度过高或过低,在一定程度上都会促进沉积物中磷的释放,实验结果对研究内源磷释放与湖泊富营养化有重要的意义.     

零价铁（ZVI）去除Cu2+的特性及机制研究

研究了零价铁去除水溶液中铜离子的影响因素及动力学特性,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析对反应机制进行了探讨.结果表明,当溶液中Cu2+的浓度为300 mg/L,零价铁的用量为1 g/L时,Cu2+的去除率99%.Cu2+的去除速度很快,且反应前30min零价铁去除Cu2+的过程可以用一级反应动力学方程模拟.零价铁去除Cu2+的机制主要基于氧化还原反应,Cu2+的还原产物主要为Cu和Cu2O.     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

铁屑置换沉淀海绵铜动力学研究

从动力学角度研究了铁屑置换沉淀海绵铜的化学反应机理,探讨了溶液pH,Cu2+初始浓度,振荡强度和温度等因素对铜置换率的影响及动力学模型。通过测定不同温度条件下的表观反应速率常数(k);求得置换反应活化能为16.21kJ/mol。试验结果表明,置换反应的所有动力学数据服从一级反应速率规律,置换过程符合扩散控制机理。     

中国废钢铁产业的投资前景看好

国际金融危机给我国废钢铁市场带来影响,同时也为我国废钢铁产业的调整和发展带来新的机遇和挑战。针对我国废钢铁市场的需求空间、废钢铁加工处理技术和装备水平的提升以及废钢铁产业发展的投资环境等问题进行分析和阐述,为我国废钢铁产业投资市场的发展提供决策依据。     

鼎湖山针阔叶混交林土壤COS和CO_2通量研究

运用静态箱-预浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法和静态箱-色谱法分别测量了南亚热带鼎湖山针阔叶混交林土壤-大气COS和CO2通量。结果表明,土壤吸收COS,凋落物保留样地COS吸收速率显著高于凋落物去除样地,3月土壤COS吸收速率最高。土壤COS吸收速率与大气COS浓度正相关。土壤COS吸收速率与土壤温度、土壤含水量单独未表现出显著相关性,但凋落物保留样地COS吸收速率与土壤温度和含水量两者共同呈二次多项式相关。凋落物保留样地CO2释放速率高于凋落物去除样地。与土壤COS吸收速率相反,土壤CO2释放速率3月最低,7月最高,主要受温度和土壤含水量的影响。土壤CO2释放速率与土壤温度呈指数相关,与土壤含水量直线相关,多元回归分析表明,土壤CO2释放受温度和含水量的共同影响。土壤COS吸收速率随土壤CO2释放速率的增加而增加,表明两者可能受某些共同因素的影响。     

污水管道中硫循环三阶段模型研究综述

污水在管道输送的过程中很容易出现厌氧环境,产生的硫化氢常引起恶臭、中毒和腐蚀等一系列问题。这些问题可归结为因硫元素在管道中不同相态间的迁移转化所致,该过程主要包括三个阶段：污水中硫化物的产生和扩散、硫化氢由液相到气相的逸散以及管壁上硫化氢的氧化进而引起混凝土等管道腐蚀。对这三阶段机理模型进行了归纳总结,最后在三阶段模型的基础上阐述了控制和预防硫化氢问题的方法,从而为污水输送系统的运行、管理和设计提供参考。